Flip-chip light emitting diode structure and manufacturing method thereof

ABSTRACT

The flip-chip light emitting diode structure includes a substrate, a first patterned current blocking layer, a second patterned current blocking layer, a first semiconductor layer, an active layer and a second semiconductor layer. The first patterned current blocking layer is disposed on the substrate. The second patterned current blocking layer is disposed on the first patterned current blocking layer, in which the first patterned current blocking layer and the second patterned current blocking layer are located on different planes, and patterns of the first patterned current blocking layer and patterns of the second current blocking layer are substantially complementary. The first semiconductor layer is disposed on the second patterned current blocking layer. The active layer is disposed on the first semiconductor layer. The second semiconductor layer is disposed on the active layer, in which electrical properties of the second semiconductor layer and the first semiconductor layer are different.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application claims priority to China Application Serial Number202010159964.6, filed Mar. 10, 2020, which is herein incorporated byreference.

BACKGROUND Field of Invention

The present disclosure relates to a flip-chip light emitting diodestructure and manufacturing method thereof, particularly relates to amethod of manufacturing flip-chip light emitting diode structure withimproved yield.

Description of Related Art

In recent years, light emitting diodes have been widely used in avariety of lighting devices and display devices due to their highdirectivity and low power consumption. A well-equipped light emittingdiode, in addition to its setups of light emitting layer, often needs tobe matched with a corresponding chip structure in order to increaseoutput efficiency and improve the reliability of the light emittingdiode, life-time, and so on.

In general, a reflective layer and a current blocking layer are oftenapplied in a light emitting diode chip structure. The reflective layeris used to adjust the output direction of light and improve the lightoutput efficiency of the light emitting diode. The current blockinglayer is used to reduce the current crowding effect. However, the yieldof the conventional flip-chip light emitting diode structure is notgood. For example, the flip-chip light emitting diode structure is proneto form void defects between substrates during the bonding process, andvoid defects results in reduction of yield of the flip-chip lightemitting diode.

Therefore, a manufacturing method with improved yield of the flip-chiplight emitting diode is needed.

SUMMARY

A flip-chip light emitting diode structure according to variousembodiments of the present invention includes a substrate, a firstpatterned current blocking layer, a second patterned current blockinglayer, a first semiconductor layer, an active layer and a secondsemiconductor layer. The first patterned current blocking layer isdisposed on the substrate. The second patterned current blocking layeris disposed on the first patterned current blocking layer, in which thefirst patterned current blocking layer and the second patterned currentblocking layer are located on different planes, and patterns of thefirst patterned current blocking layer and patterns of the secondcurrent blocking layer are substantially complementary. The firstsemiconductor layer is disposed on the second patterned current blockinglayer. The active layer is disposed on the first semiconductor layer.The second semiconductor layer is disposed on the active layer, in whichelectrical properties of the second semiconductor layer and the firstsemiconductor layer are different.

According to some embodiments of the present invention, the structurefurther includes a transparent conductive layer and a first electrodecontact. The transparent conductive layer is disposed between the firstsemiconductor layer and the second patterned current blocking layer andthe first electrode contact is disposed on the substrate and penetratingthe first patterned current blocking layer, the second patterned currentblocking layer, the transparent conductive layer, the firstsemiconductor layer and the active layer, in which a top surface of thefirst electrode contact contacts with the second semiconductor layer.

According to some embodiments of the present invention, the secondpatterned current blocking layer includes a first portion extendingtowards the second semiconductor layer and covering a sidewall of thetransparent conductive layer, a sidewall of the first semiconductorlayer and a sidewall of the active layer.

According to some embodiments of the present invention, the firstpatterned current blocking layer includes a second portion extendingtowards the second semiconductor layer and covering the first portion,in which the second portion is substantially conformal with the firstportion; and the first electrode contact is separated at least by thefirst portion and the second portion from the transparent conductivelayer, the first semiconductor layer and the active layer.

According to some embodiments of the present invention, the structurefurther includes a passive layer disposed between the substrate and thefirst patterned current blocking layer, and a portion of the passivelayer is interposed between the first electrode contact and the secondportion.

According to some embodiments of the present invention, the structurefurther includes a conductive layer and a reflective layer. Theconductive layer is disposed between the first patterned currentblocking layer and the substrate and the reflective layer is disposedbetween the transparent conductive layer and the conductive layer, inwhich the first patterned current blocking layer and the secondpatterned current blocking layer embedded in the reflective layer, andthe first patterned current blocking layer contacts with the conductivelayer, the second patterned current blocking layer contacts with thetransparent conductive layer.

According to some embodiments of the present invention, the secondportion further covers a sidewall of the reflective layer.

According to some embodiments of the present invention, the structurefurther includes a second electrode contact extending from theconductive layer up-towards and through the first patterned currentblocking layer and the second patterned current blocking layer, in whicha top portion of the second electrode contact is exposed.

According to some embodiments of the present invention, the firstpatterned current blocking layer includes a third portion, the thirdportion disposed between the second electrode contact and the firstelectrode contact, and the conductive layer contacts with the thirdportion.

According to some embodiments of the present invention, the firstpatterned current blocking layer is made of SiO₂ or Al₂O₃, a thicknessof the first patterned current blocking layer is ranged from about 1500Å to about 3500 Å; the second patterned current blocking layer is madeof SiO₂, Nb₂O₅, Al₂O₃, ZrO₂, TiO₂ or MgF₂, a thickness of the secondpatterned current blocking layer is ranged from about 1500 Å to about3500 Å; and the passive layer is made of SiO₂, Nb₂O₅, Al₂O₃, ZrO₂, TiO₂or MgF₂, a thickness of the passive layer is ranged from about 1000 Å toabout 5000 Å.

According to some embodiments of the present invention, the secondpatterned current blocking layer and the passive layer are substantiallymade of a same material and the first patterned current blocking layerand the second patterned current blocking layer are made of differentmaterials.

According to some embodiments of the present invention, the structurefurther includes a bonding metal layer disposed between the passivelayer and the substrate.

According to various embodiments of the present invention, a method offorming flip-chip light emitting diode structure includes providing afirst substrate including a first semiconductor layer, an active layeron the first semiconductor layer, a second semiconductor layer on theactive layer; forming a first current blocking layer on the secondsemiconductor layer, in which the first current blocking layer has aplurality of interspaces; forming a reflective layer covering theinterspaces, in which the reflective layer has a plurality of recesses,and each of the recesses is corresponding to each of the interspaces;and forming a second current blocking layer filling into the recesses.

According to some embodiments of the present invention, the methodfurther includes, before forming the first current blocking layer,forming an opening penetrating the second semiconductor layer and theactive layer, the opening exposing a top surface of the firstsemiconductor layer, a sidewall of the second semiconductor layer, and asidewall of the active layer; and forming a transparent conductive layeron the second semiconductor layer.

According to some embodiments of the present invention, the firstcurrent blocking layer covers the sidewall of the transparent conductivelayer, the sidewall of the second semiconductor layer, the sidewall ofthe active layer and the top surface.

According to some embodiments of the present invention, the secondcurrent blocking layer covers a sidewall of the reflective layer, andthe second current blocking layer covers the first current blockinglayer at the opening.

According to some embodiments of the present invention, the methodfurther includes, after forming the second current blocking layer,forming a conductive layer covering the second current blocking layerand the reflective layer and forming a passive layer covering theconductive layer.

According to some embodiments of the present invention, the methodfurther includes, after forming the passive layer, forming a firstelectrode contact at the opening, in which the first electrode contactpenetrates the passive layer, the second current blocking layer and thefirst current blocking layer, and a bottom portion of the firstelectrode contact connects with the first semiconductor layer; bondingthe passive layer of the first substrate to a surface of a secondsubstrate; and forming a second electrode contact penetrating the firstcurrent blocking layer and the second current blocking layer, in which abottom portion of the second electrode contact connects with theconductive layer, and a top portion of the second electrode contact isexposed.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In order to make the above and other objects, features, advantages, andembodiments of the present invention more comprehensible, the detaileddescription of the drawings is as follows.

FIGS. 1-9 illustrate each stage of the manufacturing process of aflip-chip light emitting diode structure with dual current blockinglayers according to various embodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 10A is a photograph of a flip-chip light emitting diode structurewith dual current blocking layers according to various embodiments ofthe present invention.

FIG. 10B is a photograph of a flip-chip light emitting diode structurewithout dual current blocking layers.

FIG. 11 is a flowchart of manufacturing method of flip-chip lightemitting diode structure with dual current blocking layers according tovarious embodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 12 illustrates flip-chip light emitting diode structure with dualcurrent blocking layers according to various embodiments of the presentinvention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The following disclosure provides many different embodiments, orexamples, for implementing different features of the provided subjectmatter. Specific examples of components and arrangements are describedbelow to simplify the present disclosure. These are, of course, merelyexamples and are not intended to be limiting. For example, the formationof a first feature over or on a second feature in the description thatfollows may include embodiments in which the first and second featuresare formed in direct contact, and may also include embodiments in whichadditional features may be formed between the first and second features,such that the first and second features may not be in direct contact. Inaddition, the present disclosure may repeat reference numerals and/orletters in the various examples. This repetition is for the purpose ofsimplicity and clarity and does not in itself dictate a relationshipbetween the various embodiments and/or configurations discussed.

As used herein, “around”, “about”, “approximately”, or “substantially”shall generally mean within 20 percent, or within 10 percent, or within5 percent of a given value or range. Numerical quantities given hereinare approximate, meaning that the term “around”, “about”,“approximately”, or “substantially” can be inferred if not expresslystated.

The present invention provides a flip-chip light emitting diodestructure with dual current blocking layers and a manufacturing methodthereof. By providing dual current blocking layers, void defectsgenerated on bonding surfaces during bonding process of the flip-chiplight emitting diode structure can be reduced, and light emittingbrightness of the flip-chip light emitting diode structure can beincreased and the product yield can be improved.

FIGS. 1-9 illustrate each stage of the manufacturing process of aflip-chip light emitting diode structure with dual current blockinglayers according to various embodiments of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 1, a first substrate 100 is provided. The firstsubstrate 100 includes a bottom substrate 10, a first semiconductorlayer 12, an active layer 14 and a second semiconductor layer 16. Thefirst semiconductor layer 12 is disposed on the bottom substrate 10. Theactive layer 14 is disposed on the first semiconductor layer 12, and thesecond semiconductor layer 16 is disposed on the active layer 14.

In some embodiments, the bottom substrate 10 can be silicon substrate,GaN substrate, SiC substrate or sapphire substrate.

The first semiconductor layer 12 can be N-type semiconductor layer, andthe second semiconductor layer 16 can be P-type semiconductor layer.However, in other embodiment, the first semiconductor layer 12 can beP-type semiconductor layer, and the second semiconductor layer 16 can beN-type semiconductor layer as long as electrical property of the firstsemiconductor layer 12 is different from that of the secondsemiconductor layer 16.

The first semiconductor layer 12 and the second semiconductor layer 16are made of III-V compound semiconductor materials, in which III-Vcompound semiconductor materials can be gallium-containing nitrideincluding gallium nitride (GaN), indium gallium nitride (InGaN), oraluminum indium gallium nitride (AlInGaN).

The active layer 14 can cope with the first and the second semiconductorlayers 12 and 16, and the active layer 14 is made of gallium-containingnitride material (same as above). The active layer 14 includeshomojunction, heterojunction, and single quantum well (SQW),multiple-quantum well (MQW), or other similar structures.

The first semiconductor layer 12, the active layer 14 and the secondsemiconductor layer 16 can be respectively formed by molecular beamepitaxy (MBE), metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD), hydridevapor phase epitaxy (HVPE), liquid phase epitaxy (LPE) or other similarprocess.

In some embodiments, the first substrate 100 further includesundoped-GaN (u-GaN) layer 11 disposed between the first semiconductorlayer 12 and the bottom substrate 10.

Referring to FIG. 2, an opening 18 is formed penetrating the secondsemiconductor layer 16 and the active layer 14. The opening 18 exposes atop surface 12T of the first semiconductor layer 12, a sidewall 16B ofthe second semiconductor layer 16 and a sidewall 14B of the active layer14. The opening 18 is formed by using one or more patterning processes,such as lithography and etching. In some embodiments, the etchingincludes dry or wet etching.

Referring to FIG. 3, a transparent conductive layer 20 is formed on thesecond semiconductor layer 16. In some embodiments, exemplary materialsfor the transparent conductive layer 20 include tin oxide (TO), indiumtin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), indium gallium zinc oxide(IGZO), indium tin zinc oxide (ITZO), antimony tin oxide (ATO), antimonyzinc oxide (AZO), combinations thereof, or other suitable materials.

In some embodiments, the transparent conductive layer 20 may be formedby chemical vapor deposition, organic metal chemical vapor deposition,physical vapor deposition, atomic layer deposition, pulsed laserdeposition, or any other suitable method.

Referring to FIG. 4, a first current blocking layer 22 is formed on thesecond semiconductor layer 16, in which the first current blocking layer22 has a plurality of interspaces 22S. In detail, the first currentblocking layer 22 is formed on the transparent conductive layer 20 andat the opening 18, and the interspaces 22S of the first current blockinglayer 22 expose top surfaces 20T of the transparent conductive layer 20.

In some embodiments, the first current blocking layer 22 covers asidewall 20B of the transparent conductive layer 20, the sidewall 16B ofthe second semiconductor layer 16, the sidewall 14B of the active layer14, and the top surface 12T of the first semiconductor layer 12 as shownin FIG. 4.

In some embodiments, the first current blocking layer 22 is made ofSiO₂, Nb₂O₅, Al₂O₃, ZrO₂, TiO₂ or MgF₂. The first current blocking layer22 can be formed by deposition or sputtering or any suitable process. Insome embodiments, a thickness of the first current blocking layer 22 isin a range of about 1500 Å to about 3500 Å.

Referring to FIG. 5, a reflective layer 24 is formed on the interspaces22S, and the reflective layer 24 has a plurality of recesses 24R andeach of the recesses 24R is corresponding to each of the interspaces22S. Further, ideally, the reflective layer 24 is formed of conductivematerials. For example, the reflective layer 24 is formed of metal. Insome embodiments, the material of the reflective layer 24 can be silver,aluminum, silver alloy, or combinations thereof. In some embodiments,the reflective layer 24 can essentially be used as Distributed BraggReflector (DBR) and can reflect light to exit the flip-chip lightemitting diode structure 500 (shown in FIG. 12), thereby improving lightoutput efficiency of the flip-chip light emitting diode structure 500.

Referring to FIG. 6, a second current blocking layer 26 is formedfilling into the recesses 24R. It is noted that the second currentblocking layer 26 further covers a sidewall 24B of the reflective layer24, and the second current blocking layer 26 covers the first currentblocking layer 22 in conformal at the opening 18.

In some embodiments, the second current blocking layer 26 is made ofSiO₂ or Al₂O₃. In some embodiments, the second current blocking layer 26can be formed by atomic layer deposition (ALD) process. For example, thesecond current blocking layer 26 is deposited by using ALD process, andthe second current blocking layer 26 covers the reflective layer 24 andthe first current blocking layer 22 in conformal. Then, etching processis performed to remove a portion of the second current blocking layer 26such that the top surfaces of the second current blocking layer 26 isflush with the top surfaces of the reflective layer 24. It is noted thatpart of the second current blocking layer 26 covers an edge of thereflective layer 24, which will be further explained later.

In some embodiments, a thickness of the second current blocking layer 26is in a range of about 1500 Å to about 3500 Å. In some embodiments, thethickness of the second current blocking layer 26 is substantially equalto the thickness of the first current blocking layer 22. In otherembodiment, the thickness of the second current blocking layer 26 is 20%or smaller to the thickness of the first current blocking layer 22. Incertain embodiment, the thickness of the second current blocking layer26 is 20% or smaller to the thickness of the reflective layer 24.

Referring to FIG. 7, a conductive layer 28 is formed covering the secondcurrent blocking layer 26 and the reflective layer 24 after forming thesecond current blocking layer 26. In some embodiments, the conductivelayer 28 is made of metals including gold, chromium, nickel, platinum,titanium, aluminum, rhodium, combinations thereof, or other metalmaterials with high conductivity. In some embodiments, the conductivelayer 28 can be formed by deposition or sputtering processes. In someembodiments, a planarization process is performed after forming theconductive layer 28 such that the top surface of the second currentblocking layer 26 is flush with the top surface of the conductive layer28. The planarization process includes grinding process, chemicalmechanical polish (CMP), and one or more other applicable processes, orcombinations thereof.

Referring to FIG. 8, after forming the conductive layer 28, a passivelayer 30 is formed covering the conductive layer 28. In detail, thepassive layer 30 is formed covering the conductive layer 28 and thesecond current blocking layer 26 in conformal. In some embodiments, thepassive layer 30 is made of SiO₂, Nb₂O₅, Al₂O₃, ZrO₂, TiO₂ or MgF₂.

In some embodiments, the passive layer 30 can be formed by usingdeposition, sputtering or any suitable process. In some embodiments, athickness of the passive layer 30 is in a range of about 1000 Å to about5000 Å.

It is noted that, in some embodiments, the first current blocking layer22 and the passive layer 30 are substantially made of a same material,and the first current blocking layer 22 and the second current blockinglayer 26 are made of different materials. For examples, the firstcurrent blocking layer 22 and the passive layer 30 are substantiallymade of alumina, and the second current blocking layer 26 is made ofsilicon oxide. In other embodiments, the first current blocking layer 22and the passive layer 30 are substantially made of silicon oxide, andthe second current blocking layer 26 is made of alumina, and thethickness of the first current blocking layer 22 is substantially equalto the thickness of the second current blocking layer 26.

Referring to FIG. 9, the passive layer 30 of the first substrate 100 isbonded onto a second substrate 102. In detail, the passive layer 30 ofthe first substrate 100 is bonded onto a top surface 102T of the secondsubstrate 102 by using a bonding metal layer 104, and thereby thebonding metal layer 104 is located between the second substrate 102 andthe passive layer 30. In some embodiments, the bonding metal layer 104is made of metal. For example, the bonding metal layer 104 is made ofgold (Au), nickel (Ni), tin (Sn), indium (In), copper (Cu), or titanium(Ti).

Referring to FIG. 8 and FIG. 9, after forming the passive layer 30 andbefore bonding the passive layer 30 of the first substrate 100 onto thesurface 102T of the second substrate 102, the first electrode contact 32is formed at the opening 18 (shown in FIG. 9), in which the firstelectrode contact 32 penetrates the passive layer 30, the second currentblocking layer 26 and the first current blocking layer 22, and a topportion 32T of the first electrode contact 32 connects with the firstsemiconductor layer 12.

In detail, referring to FIG. 8, a filling layer 31 (not shown) isfirstly formed at the opening 18, and the filling layer 31 is filledinto the opening 18 by using planarization process in some embodiments,such as chemical mechanical polishing. Surfaces of the filling layer 31are flattened so that top surfaces of the filling layer 31 are flushwith the top surface of the passive layer 30 located above the secondsemiconductor layer 16. Thereafter, the filling layer 31 is patterned byusing one or more patterning processes, and the first electrode contact32 is formed at the opening 18. Then, the bonding process between thefirst substrate 100 and the second substrate 102 is performed. Thefilling layer 31 serves not only as a flattened plane at the opening 18but also a reflector to reflect light near sidewalls of the firstelectrode contact 32, and thus light output efficiency of light emittingdiode structure is further enhanced.

Referring again to FIG. 9, a second electrode contact 34 is formed. Thesecond electrode contact 34 penetrates the first current blocking layer22 and the second current blocking layer 26, in which a bottom portion34B of the second electrode contact 34 connects with the conductivelayer 28, and a top portion 34T of the second electrode contact 34 isexposed.

In some embodiments, the first and the second electrode contacts 32 and34 can be formed by deposition and patterning processes and made ofmaterials including gold, chromium, nickel, platinum, titanium,aluminum, rhodium, a combination of the above, or other conductive metalmaterials.

Referring again to FIG. 7, the first current blocking layer 22, thereflective layer 24 and the second current blocking layer 26 are formedfirstly; thereafter, the conductive layer 28 is formed covering thesecond current blocking layer 26 and the reflective layer 24. It isnoted that forming the second current blocking layer 26 filling into therecesses 24R of the reflective layer 24 provides effects describedbelow.

The second current blocking layer 26 located between the reflectivelayer 24 and the conductive layer 28 is to reduce current crowdingeffect and increase conduction of current in the conductive layer 28;thereby light emitting brightness of light emitting diode structure isimproved.

The second current blocking layer 26 provides protection for thereflective layer 24. When patterning the conductive layer 28, thereflective layer 24 is easily damaged due to an area of the reflectivelayer 24 is substantially larger than that of the conductive layer 28,for example, the reflective layer 24 is lifted from its edge area. Bycovering the side wall 24B of the reflective layer 24 with the secondcurrent blocking layer 26, the edges of the reflective layer 24 areprotected, thereby improving the overall yield in terms of electricalproperty.

The second current blocking layer 26 is filled into the recesses 24R ofthe reflective layer 24, and the second current blocking layer 26together with the reflective layer 24 provide a flat plane for formingthe conductive layer 28, and the conductive layer 28 can be thus formedflatter without surface depressions that are conformal with the recesses24R. The passive layer 30 is formed on the conductive layer 28 is alsorelatively flatter. In the subsequent bonding process, formation of thevoid defects can be reduced between the passive layer 30 and the secondsubstrate 102; thereby the process stability and the yield of thestructure appearance are improved.

FIG. 10A is a photograph of a flip-chip light emitting diode structurewith dual current blocking layers according to various embodiments ofthe present invention. FIG. 10B is a photograph of a flip-chip lightemitting diode structure without dual current blocking layers.

In detail, FIG. 10A and FIG. 10B show photographs viewed from adirection 601 in FIG. 9. As shown in FIG. 10B, the surface of theflip-chip light emitting diode structure without dual current blockinglayers includes four alignment marks 700 after bonding, and there aremany appearance defects (ex, at the arrow), which are aforementionedvoid defects formed between the passive layer 30 and second thesubstrate 102. The number of appearance defects of the flip-chip lightemitting diode structure with dual current blocking layers according tovarious embodiments of the present invention is significantly reduced asshown in FIG. 10A.

Table 1 shows turn-on voltage and process yield of the flip-chip lightemitting diode structure:

Turn-on Process Voltage (V) Yield Product A Example 1 2.6 77.43%Comparative 2.36 75.22% Example 1 Product B Examples 2  2.5 71.07%Comparative 2.38 69.03% Example 2

As shown in Table 1, in the design of product A, Example 1 of flip-chiplight emitting diode structure with dual current blocking layers canprovide higher turn-on voltage and has higher process yield than that ofComparative Example 1 of flip-chip light emitting diode structurewithout dual current blocking layers. In the design of product B,Example 2 also provides higher turn-on voltage and has higher processyield than those of Comparative Example 2.

FIG. 11 is a flowchart of manufacturing method of flip-chip lightemitting diode structure with dual current blocking layers according tovarious embodiments of the present invention. Method M100 includesoperation S102, operation S104, operation S106 and operation S108.

Method M100 begins with operation S102, the first substrate 100 isprovided as shown in FIG. 1. The first substrate 100 includes the firstsemiconductor layer 12, the active layer 14 on the first semiconductorlayer 12, and the second semiconductor layer 16 on the active layer 14.Method M100 further includes forming the opening 18 penetrating thesecond semiconductor layer 16 and the active layer 14, the opening 18exposing the top surface 12T of the first semiconductor layer 12, thesidewall 16B of the second semiconductor layer 16, the sidewall 14B ofthe active layer 14, and forming the transparent conductive layer 20 onthe second semiconductor layer 16 as shown in FIG. 3. Operation S102 isfollowed by operation S104, the first current blocking layer 22 isformed on the second semiconductor layer 16, in which the first currentblocking layer 22 has a plurality of interspaces 22S as shown in FIG. 4.Operation S104 is followed by operation S106, the reflective layer 24 isformed covering the interspaces 22S, in which the reflective layer 24has a plurality of recesses 24R, each of the recesses 24R iscorresponding to each of the interspaces 22S as shown in FIG. 5.Operation S106 is followed by operation S108, the second currentblocking layer 26 is formed filling into the recesses 24R as shown inFIG. 6.

Method M100 further includes forming the conductive layer 28 coveringthe second current blocking layer 26 and the reflective layer 24, andforming the passive layer 30 covering the conductive layer 28 afterforming the second current blocking layer 26 as shown in FIG. 7 and FIG.8.

Method M100 further includes forming the first electrode contact 32 atthe opening 18, in which the first electrode contact 32 penetrates thepassive layer 30, the second current blocking layer 26 and the firstcurrent blocking layer 22, and the top portion 32T of the firstelectrode contact 32 connects with the first semiconductor layer 12after forming the passive layer 30; bonding the passive layer 30 of thefirst substrate 100 onto the surface 102T of the second substrate 102;and forming the second electrode contact 34 penetrating through thefirst current blocking layer 22 and the second current blocking layer26, in which the bottom portion 34B of the second electrode contact 34connects with the conductive layer 28, and the top portion 34T of thesecond electrode contact 34 is exposed as shown in FIG. 9.

FIG. 12 illustrates a flip-chip light emitting diode structure 500 withdual current blocking layers according to various embodiments of thepresent invention.

Referring to FIG. 12, the flip-chip light emitting diode structure 500with dual current blocking layers according to various embodiments ofthe present invention includes a substrate 102, a first patternedcurrent blocking layer 260, a second patterned current blocking layer220, a first semiconductor layer 160, an active layer 14 and an secondsemiconductor layer 120.

The first patterned current blocking layer 260 is disposed on thesubstrate 102, and the second patterned current blocking layer 220 isdisposed on the first patterned current blocking layer 260. It is notedthat the first patterned current blocking layer 260 and the secondpatterned current blocking layer 220 are located on different planes,and patterns of the first patterned current blocking layer 260 andpatterns of the second patterned current blocking layer 220 aresubstantially complementary as shown in FIG. 12.

In some embodiments, the first semiconductor layer 160 is disposed onthe second patterned current blocking layer 220, the active layer 14 isdisposed on the first semiconductor layer 160, and the secondsemiconductor layer 120 is disposed on the active layer 14 as shown inFIG. 12.

The flip-chip light emitting diode structure 500 with dual currentblocking layers according to various embodiments of the presentinvention further includes a transparent conductive layer 20. Thetransparent conductive layer 20 is disposed between the firstsemiconductor layer 160 and the second patterned current blocking layer220 as shown in FIG. 12.

The flip-chip light emitting diode structure 500 with dual currentblocking layers according to various embodiments of the presentinvention further includes a first electrode contact 32. The firstelectrode contact 32 is disposed on the substrate 102 and penetrates thefirst patterned current blocking layer 260, the second patterned currentblocking layer 220, the transparent conductive layer 20, the firstsemiconductor layer 160 and the active layer 14, in which a top surface32T of the first electrode contact 32 is contacted with the secondsemiconductor layer 120 as shown in FIG. 12.

In some embodiments, the second patterned current blocking layer 220includes a first portion 220P1 extending towards the secondsemiconductor layer 120, and covering a sidewall 20B of the transparentconductive layer 20, a sidewall 160B of the first semiconductor layer160, and a sidewall 14B of the active layer 14 as shown in FIG. 12.

In some embodiments, the first patterned current blocking layer 260includes a second portion 260P2 extending towards the secondsemiconductor layer 120, and covering the first portion 220P1, in whichthe second portion 260P2 is substantially conformal with the firstportion 220P1 as shown in FIG. 12. The first electrode contact 32 isseparated at least by the first portion 220P1 and the second portion260P2 from the transparent conductive layer 20, the first semiconductorlayer 160 and the active layer 14.

The flip-chip light emitting diode structure 500 with dual currentblocking layers according to various embodiments of the presentinvention further includes a passive layer 30. The passive layer 30 isdisposed between the substrate 102 and the first patterned currentblocking layer 260, and a portion 30P of the passive layer 30 isinterposed between the first electrode contact 32 and the second portion260P2 as shown in FIG. 12.

The flip-chip light emitting diode structure 500 with dual currentblocking layers according to various embodiments of the presentinvention further includes a conductive layer 28 and a reflective layer24. The conductive layer 28 is disposed between the first patternedcurrent blocking layer 260 and the substrate 102 as shown in FIG. 12.The reflective layer 24 is disposed between the transparent conductivelayer 20 and the conductive layer 28, in which the first patternedcurrent blocking layer 260 and the second patterned current blockinglayer 220 are embedded in the reflective layer 24, and the firstpatterned current blocking layer 260 contacts with the conductive layer28, the second patterned current blocking layer 220 contacts with thetransparent conductive layer 20.

In some embodiments, the second portion 260P2 further covers thesidewall 24B of the reflective layer 24 as shown in FIG. 12.

The flip-chip light emitting diode structure 500 with dual currentblocking layers according to various embodiments of the presentinvention further includes a second electrode contact 34. The secondelectrode contact 34 is extended from the conductive layer 28 up-towardsand through the first patterned current blocking layer 260 and thesecond patterned current blocking layer 220, and a top portion 34T ofthe second electrode contact 34 is exposed as shown in FIG. 12.

In some embodiments, the first patterned current blocking layer 260includes a third portion 260P3, the third portion 260P3 is disposedbetween the second electrode contact 34 and the first electrode contact23, and the conductive layer 28 contacts with the third portion 260P3.

The flip-chip light emitting diode structure 500 with dual currentblocking layers according to various embodiments of the presentinvention further includes a bonding metal layer 104. The bonding metallayer 104 is disposed between the passive layer 30 and the substrate 102as shown in FIG. 12.

In summary, the present disclosure applying dual current blocking layersin flip-chip light emitting diode structure provides reduction of thevoid defects occurring in the bonding process of the flip-chip lightemitting diode structure and increase of brightness and product yield offlip-chip light emitting diode.

The foregoing outlines features of several embodiments so that thoseskilled in the art may better understand the aspects of the presentdisclosure. Those skilled in the art should appreciate that they mayreadily use the present disclosure as a basis for designing or modifyingother processes and structures for carrying out the same purposes and/orachieving the same advantages of the embodiments introduced herein.Those skilled in the art should also realize that such equivalentconstructions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the presentdisclosure, and that they may make various changes, substitutions, andalterations herein without departing from the spirit and scope of thepresent disclosure.

What is claimed is:
 1. A flip-chip light emitting diode structure,comprising: a substrate; a first patterned current blocking layerdisposed on the substrate; a second patterned current blocking layerdisposed on the first patterned current blocking layer, wherein thefirst patterned current blocking layer and second patterned currentblocking layer are located on different planes, and patterns of thefirst patterned current blocking layer and patterns of the secondpatterned current blocking layer are substantially complementary; afirst semiconductor layer disposed on the second patterned currentblocking layer; an active layer disposing on the first semiconductorlayer; and a second semiconductor layer disposed on the active layer,wherein electrical properties of the second semiconductor layer and thefirst semiconductor layer are different.
 2. The structure of claim 1,further comprising: a transparent conductive layer disposed between thefirst semiconductor layer and the second patterned current blockinglayer; and a first electrode contact disposed on the substrate andpenetrating the first patterned current blocking layer, the secondpatterned current blocking layer, the transparent conductive layer, thefirst semiconductor layer and the active layer, wherein a top surface ofthe first electrode contact contacts with the second semiconductorlayer.
 3. The structure of claim 2, wherein the second patterned currentblocking layer includes a first portion extending towards the secondsemiconductor layer and covering a sidewall of the transparentconductive layer, a sidewall of the first semiconductor layer and asidewall of the active layer.
 4. The structure of claim 3, wherein thefirst patterned current blocking layer includes a second portionextending towards the second semiconductor layer and covering the firstportion, wherein the second portion is substantially conformal with thefirst portion; and the first electrode contact is separated at least bythe first portion and the second portion from the transparent conductivelayer, the first semiconductor layer and the active layer.
 5. Thestructure of claim 4, further comprising: a passive layer disposedbetween the substrate and the first patterned current blocking layer,and a portion of the passive layer is interposed between the firstelectrode contact and the second portion.
 6. The structure of claim 4,further comprising: a conductive layer disposed between the firstpatterned current blocking layer and the substrate; and a reflectivelayer disposed between the transparent conductive layer and theconductive layer, wherein the first patterned current blocking layer andthe second patterned current blocking layer embedded in the reflectivelayer, and the first patterned current blocking layer contacts with theconductive layer, the second patterned current blocking layer contactswith the transparent conductive layer.
 7. The structure of claim 6,wherein the second portion further covering a sidewall of the reflectivelayer.
 8. The structure of claim 6, further comprising: a secondelectrode contact extending from the conductive layer up-towards andthrough the first patterned current blocking layer and the secondpatterned current blocking layer, wherein a top portion of the secondelectrode contact is exposed.
 9. The structure of claim 8, wherein thefirst patterned current blocking layer includes a third portion, thethird portion disposed between the second electrode contact and thefirst electrode contact, and the conductive layer contacts with thethird portion.
 10. The structure of claim 5, wherein the first patternedcurrent blocking layer is made of SiO₂ or Al₂O₃, a thickness of thefirst patterned current blocking layer is ranged from about 1500 Å toabout 3500 Å; the second patterned current blocking layer is made ofSiO₂, Nb₂O₅, Al₂O₃, ZrO₂, TiO₂ or MgF₂, a thickness of the secondpatterned current blocking layer is ranged from about 1500 Å to about3500 Å; and the passive layer is made of SiO₂, Nb₂O₅, Al₂O₃, ZrO₂, TiO₂or MgF₂, a thickness of the passive layer is ranged from about 1000 Å toabout 5000 Å.
 11. The structure of claim 10, wherein the secondpatterned current blocking layer and the passive layer are substantiallymade of a same material and the first patterned current blocking layerand the second patterned current blocking layer are made of differentmaterials.
 12. The structure of claim 5, further comprising: a bondingmetal layer disposed between the passive layer and the substrate.
 13. Amethod of forming flip-chip light emitting diode structure, comprising:providing a first substrate including a first semiconductor layer, anactive layer on the first semiconductor layer, a second semiconductorlayer on the active layer; forming a first current blocking layer on thesecond semiconductor layer, wherein the first current blocking layer hasa plurality of interspaces; forming a reflective layer covering theinterspaces, wherein the reflective layer has a plurality of recesses,and each of the recesses is corresponding to each of the interspaces;and forming a second current blocking layer filling into the recesses.14. The method of claim 13, before forming the first current blockinglayer, further comprising: forming an opening penetrating the secondsemiconductor layer and the active layer, the opening exposing a topsurface of the first semiconductor layer, a sidewall of the secondsemiconductor layer, and a sidewall of the active layer; and forming atransparent conductive layer on the second semiconductor layer.
 15. Themethod of claim 14, wherein the first current blocking layer coveringthe sidewall of the transparent conductive layer, the sidewall of thesecond semiconductor layer, the sidewall of the active layer, and thetop surface.
 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the second currentblocking layer covers a sidewall of the reflective layer, and the secondcurrent blocking layer covers the first current blocking layer at theopening.
 17. The method of claim 13, after forming the second currentblocking layer, further comprising: forming a conductive layer coveringthe second current blocking layer and the reflective layer; and forminga passive layer covering the conductive layer.
 18. The method of claim17, after forming the passive layer, further comprising: forming a firstelectrode contact at the opening, wherein the first electrode contactpenetrates the passive layer, the second current blocking layer and thefirst current blocking layer, and a bottom portion of the firstelectrode contact connects with the first semiconductor layer; bondingthe passive layer of the first substrate to a surface of a secondsubstrate; and forming a second electrode contact penetrating the firstcurrent blocking layer and the second current blocking layer, wherein abottom portion of the second electrode contact connects with theconductive layer, and a top portion of the second electrode contact isexposed.